The depression anxiety stress scales 21 dass 21 has three 7item subscales depression, anxiety, and stress. Each of the three scales contains 14 items, divided into subscales of 25 items with similar content. Pdf using the depression anxiety stress scale 21 dass21. Depression and anxiety are recognised increasingly as serious public health problems among women in low and lowermiddle income countries. Jan 03, 2018 the depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 pdf is a standardised assessment tool for depression, anxiety and stress symptoms that can help you develop a treatment plan and assess symptom severity or treatment progress. This dass 21 depression anxiety stress scale test evaluates the severity of mental disorder symptoms associated to the three and provides a mild, moderate or severe result. The italian version of the depression anxiety stress. The arabic version of the depression anxiety stress scale 21.
The dass 21 is the short form of the dass42 or dass. Using the depression anxiety stress scale 21 dass21 across. It includes seven 7 questions for each and the scores are calculated by adding up the scores for each item in the section. Psychometric properties of the depression anxiety and. The psychometric properties of turkish version of depression. Lastly, the dass 21 demonstrated good criterionoriented validity. A guide to the depression, anxiety and stress scale dass 21. Depression, anxiety, and stress among health science.
Depression, anxiety, and stress are all negative feelings. Accordingly, the resulting three scales consisting of 14 items each were named the depression anxiety stress scales dass. Depression anxiety stress scales short form dass21. Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress in patients. Emotional syndromes like depression and anxiety are intrinsically dimensional they vary along a continuum of severity independent of the specific diagnosis. The dass21 contains 21 items, divided into three 7item subscales, where each item. Lovibond and lovibond 1995a developed a single measure to assess the core symptoms of depression and anxiety while maximizing discriminant validity between these constructs. The dass 21 is the short form of the dass42, a selfreport scale designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. The depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 items dass 21 is a set of three selfreport scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Each of the three dass 21 scales contains 7 items, divided into subscales with similar content. The dass 21 is a shorter, 21 item version of the dass42, which is a self report instrument designed to measure the three related negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and tension stress.
As the three scales of the dass have been shown to have high internal consistency and to yield meaningful discriminations, the scales should meet the needs of both researchers and clinicians who. Each of the three dass21 scales contains 7 items, divided into subscales with similar content. The scale can be used for screening, however, for diagnosis, the patient should be referred for specialist consultation. Depression, anxiety, stress 7 items each summary the depression anxiety stress scale21 dass21 is a screening tool for identifying, differentiating and assessing depression, anxiety, and stress. The dass21 is the short form of the dass42 or dass. This study aimed to examine the validity of the arabic version of the depression anxiety stress scale 21 dass 21 in 149 illicit drug users. The dass 21 contains 21 items, divided into three 7item subscales, where each item. Depression, anxiety and stress scale dass 21 as shown in tables 2, 3 and 4, the severities for each dimension of mental health were categorised as normal, mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe. The depression anxiety stress scales 21 and 12 exhibited moderatetostrong correlations with the negative affect. Psychometric properties of the depression anxiety and stress scale 21 in older primary care patients. During the development process, it was established that the main symptoms of depression are low selfesteem, hopelessness, devaluation of life, selfdeprecation and inertia. The current study aims assess the genderbased measurement invariance of the dass 21 questionnaire in a chinese university student sample from five different cities. The italian version of the depression anxiety stress scales. Dass 21 name date please read each statement and circle a number 0, 1, 2 or 3 which indicates how much the statement applied to you over the past week.
The relationship between physical activity levels and. Moreover, testretest reliability coefficient was obtained as r0. The depression anxiety stress scale dass is a 42item selfreport measure of anxiety, depression and stress developed by lovibond and lovibond 1995 which is increasingly used in diverse settings. Dass, the depression anxiety stress scales, is made up of 42 selfreport items to be completed over five to ten minutes, each reflecting a negative emotional symptom. The depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 items dass21 is a set of three selfreport scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient was found as. Gamma coefficients that represent the loading of each scale on the overall factor total score are. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass 21 please read each statement and circle a number 0, 1, 2 or 3 which indicates how much the statement applied to you over the past week. The depression scale assesses dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life. It is not a categorical measure of clinical diagnoses. One would expect anxiety and stress to load higher than depression on the common factor as they are more highly correlated and, therefore, dominate the definition of this common factor.
Below the form there are instructions on how to interpret the result as well as in which axis each of the questions belongs too. Depression, anxiety and stress scale dass 21 at ease. Depression anxiety stress scale21 dass21 spinal cord. This study aimed to examine the validity of the arabic version of the depression anxiety stress scale21 dass21 in 149 illicit drug users. Also, this scale is used in determining the level of negative emotional states. The short version of the depression anxiety stress scale21 dass 21 was developed to provide a selfreport measure of anxiety, depression and stress signals. Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were measured with the dass 21, a selfreported 21 item scale for assessing discrete core symptoms in the three 7item subscale dimensions of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Dass severity ratings the dass is a quantitative measure of distress along the 3 axes of depression, anxiety1 and stress2. Measurement invariance of the depression anxiety stress. In this psytoolkit version, for example is used, because not everybody might now the. General health questionnaire 12 ghq 12 was used for assessment of general health among. Registering new patients or learning about previous medical history are some of the processes made easier with our collection of online healthcare form templates. The dass 21 was chosen because it appears to be a reliable and easy to administer measure, ideal for both clinical and research purposes. The dass questionnaire is in the public domain, and may be downloaded from this website.
Pdf a guide to the depression, anxiety and stress scale. Add up the number in the first column of the office use only. Its popularity is partly attributable to the fact uk. Because the dass 21 is a short form version of the dass the long form has 42 items, the final score of each item groups. However, the lack of appropriate validation among asian populations continues to pose concerns over the use of dass 21 in asian samples. Participants with normal severity for all scales were considered.
The arabic version of the depression anxiety stress scale. Record circled number on the line provided in the office use only columns next to the responses. Twentyfour workers sales representatives presenting with mild anxiety stress symptoms generalized anxiety disorder 7item scale of 5 were randomized to biophysical treatment. Each of these is rated on a fourpoint likert scale of frequency or severity of the participants experiences over the last week with the intention of emphasising states over traits. Jul 26, 2018 the dass is a 42item self report instrument designed to measure the three related negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and tension stress. In order to have comparible scores, the sum of the dass 21 is multiplied by 2. Spanish translation and validation with a hispanic sample article pdf available in journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment 243.
The depression anxiety stress scale dass 21, psychology foundation of australia was used to screen mental health problems among the population 12. The scale to which each item belongs is indicated by the letters d depression, a anxiety and s stress. The university of new south wales in australia developed a questionnaire to measure all three of them using one questionnaire, known as dass. The dass 21 has 21 items if you are under time pressure. The scores for the depression anxiety stress scales 21 and 12 were higher for the psychiatric group than for the nonpsychiatric group, confirming the presence of knowngroups validity. Dass depression and anxiety stress scale scoring s stress q1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 18 a anxiety q2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 19, 20 d depression q3, 5, 10, 16, 17, 21 1. Crosscultural adaptation and validation of the depression. The dass is a 42item self report instrument designed to measure the three related negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and tension stress. Depression, anxiety, stress, scale dass 21 a psychological measure. The dass 21 scores are multiplied by two so that you can. The scale, developed by lovibond and lovibond 1995 and proposed by australian psychological. For the score interpretation, see the dass description. The internal consistency and temporal stability of the measure were good. Dass 21 is a set of three selfreport scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress.
The depression, anxiety, and stress scale 21 dass21 is a frequently used measure of emotional disturbance symptoms in parkinsons disease pd. The dass 21 is a 21 item self report questionnaire devised. Psychometric properties of the depression anxiety and stress. The 21item and 12item versions of the depression anxiety. The aim of this study was to validate the 21 item depression anxiety and stress scale dass21 for use in screening for these common mental disorders among rural women with young children in the.
Crosscultural adaptation and validation of the depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 dass 21 in the korean working population. Psychometric properties of the 42item and 21 item versions of the depression anxiety stress scales dass in clinical groups and a community sample. In this psytoolkit version, for example is used, because not everybody might now the abbreviation eg which is predominantly used in academia. The depression anxiety and stress scale, or dass21, is a 21 question assessment that was developed to measure the degree of depression, anxiety and stress in an individual. However, the lack of appropriate validation among asian populations continues to pose concerns over the use of dass. Pdf using the depression anxiety stress scale 21 dass. Using an empirically driven iterative process, they identified a third factor, which they labeled stress. The depression subscale of the dass 21 is reported to have a sensitivity of 57. The depression, anxiety, and stress scales with 21 items. The present study was conducted to assess the psychometric characteristics of the 21 item version of the depression, anxiety, and stress scales dass 21 among different racial groups. Depression, anxiety, stress 7 items each summary the depression anxiety stress scale 21 dass 21 is a screening tool for identifying, differentiating and assessing depression, anxiety, and stress. Depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 items dass21. Psychometric properties of the depression anxiety stress scales dass in clinical samples.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biophysical therapy on saa levels, in addition to the depression anxiety stress scale dass 21 questionnaire. The standard diagnosis criterion for depression is the patient health questionnaire phq, whilst the depression, anxiety and stress scale dass 21, which has 21 questions, is used for screening. The dass 21 is a self report evaluation scale aimed at revealing the severity of symptoms that the patient suffers from and which can be associated with depression or anxiety or are consistent with stress manifestations. Validity and responsiveness of the depression anxiety stress. The dass 21 is a self report evaluation scale aimed at revealing the severity of symptoms that the patient suffers from and which can be associated with depression or anxiety or are consistent with stress. The dass 21 is a wellestablished instrument for measuring depression, anxiety, and stress with good reliability and validity reported from hispanic american, british, and australian adults. Data were collected by depression, anxiety, and stress scale 21 dass 21 and analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics. Research article open access validation of the depression.
This scale can be used as long as the website, the authors, and the papers are. Short version of the depression anxiety stress scale21. Correlation of the dass 21 anxiety subscale is high with the brief symptom inventory anxiety subscale r0. Depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate. Depression, anxiety and stress scale dass the depression, anxiety and stress scale were applied in order to reveal the psychological status of the individuals. Depression, anxiety and stress scale dass questionnaire was used as selfadministered scale along. The depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 pdf is a standardised assessment tool for depression, anxiety and stress symptoms that can help you develop a treatment plan and assess symptom severity or treatment progress. The short version of the depression anxiety stress scale 21 dass 21 was developed to provide a selfreport measure of anxiety, depression and stress signals.
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